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Pulmonary Embolism

Condition Basics

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What is pulmonary embolism?

Pulmonary embolism is the sudden blockage of a major blood vessel (artery) in the lung, usually by a blood clot, Opens dialog. In most cases, the clots are small and aren't deadly, but they can damage the lung. But if the clot is large and stops blood flow to the lung, it can be deadly.

What causes it?

Pulmonary embolism is caused by a blocked artery in the lungs. The most common cause of such a blockage is a blood clot that forms in a deep vein, Opens dialog in the leg and travels to the lungs. Other things can block an artery, such as tumors or air bubbles. But these are rare.

What are the symptoms?

The most common symptoms of pulmonary embolism are sudden shortness of breath; sudden, sharp chest pain that may get worse when you cough or take a deep breath; and a cough. The cough may bring up blood or pink and foamy mucus.

How is it diagnosed?

Pulmonary embolism can be hard to diagnose. That's because the symptoms are like those of other problems, like a heart attack, Opens dialog. A doctor will do a physical exam. You might have tests to look for blood clots or rule out other causes of your symptoms. Tests may include blood tests and a CT angiogram.

How is pulmonary embolism treated?

Doctors usually treat pulmonary embolism with anticoagulants (blood thinners). These medicines help prevent new clots and keep existing clots from growing. If symptoms are severe and life-threatening, "clot-busting" drugs may be used. They can dissolve clots fast. Another option is surgery or a less invasive procedure to remove the clot (embolectomy).

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Current as of: July 31, 2024

Author: Ignite Healthwise, LLC Staff

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All Healthwise education is reviewed by a team that includes physicians, nurses, advanced practitioners, registered dieticians, and other healthcare professionals.

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